Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for roughly 60-70% of cases. It involves a gradual decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning skills as brain cells are progressively damaged.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain condition that gradually affects memory, thinking, and the ability to carry out familiar tasks. It is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, and it typically develops slowly over many years. The earliest signs often involve difficulty remembering recent events or conversations, though the condition affects much more than memory alone.
As Alzheimer's progresses, a person may have trouble following conversations, recognising familiar places, managing finances, or completing everyday tasks like getting dressed. Personality and mood changes are also common — someone who was once outgoing may become withdrawn, or a patient person may become easily frustrated.
Scientists believe Alzheimer's is caused by abnormal protein deposits in the brain (called plaques and tangles) that interfere with the way brain cells work and communicate. While researchers continue to study why these changes occur, we know that age, genetics, and lifestyle factors all play a role.
There is currently no cure for Alzheimer's disease, but there are medications and support strategies that can help manage symptoms and maintain quality of life for longer. Structured daily routines, brain wellness activities, social connection, regular physical activity, and a calm environment can all make a meaningful difference.
For caregivers, understanding the progression of Alzheimer's helps you plan ahead. Organisations like the Alzheimer's Society and your local healthcare team can provide guidance, emotional support, and practical resources tailored to your family's situation.
Related Terms
Dementia
Dementia is an umbrella term for a group of conditions that affect memory, thinking, and the ability to carry out everyday tasks. It is not a single disease, but rather a collection of symptoms caused by changes in the brain.
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to a stage between typical age-related memory changes and the more noticeable decline associated with dementia. People with MCI may have noticeable memory or thinking difficulties, but can still manage most daily activities independently.
Sundowning
Sundowning describes a pattern of increased confusion, agitation, or restlessness that tends to occur in the late afternoon and evening. It is common among people living with dementia, though the exact cause is not fully understood.
Aphasia
Aphasia is a condition that affects a person's ability to communicate — including speaking, understanding speech, reading, and writing. In dementia, it develops gradually as the brain areas responsible for language are affected.
Agnosia
Agnosia is a condition where a person has difficulty recognising familiar objects, faces, sounds, or places, even though their senses (sight, hearing, touch) are working normally. It is caused by damage to specific areas of the brain.
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