Wandering

Wandering is one of the most common and concerning behaviours associated with dementia. A person may walk about their home restlessly, attempt to leave the house, or become disoriented in familiar places. Wandering can happen at any time of day, though it is often more common in the late afternoon and evening (see sundowning).

There are many possible reasons why a person with dementia may wander. They might be looking for something or someone from their past, trying to fulfil an old routine (such as going to work), feeling restless or bored, reacting to discomfort or pain, or simply feeling the need to move. Sometimes there is no identifiable reason — it may be related to the way the condition affects the brain's navigation and spatial awareness systems.

Wandering can be dangerous when a person leaves their home or familiar environment without supervision, particularly in bad weather, near busy roads, or at night. This is why many families use strategies like door alarms, GPS-enabled devices, and safe zones to help keep their loved one safe while respecting their need for movement and independence.

Creating a secure environment does not mean restricting your loved one unnecessarily. Encouraging regular walks together, ensuring they have engaging activities throughout the day, and making sure basic needs like hunger, thirst, and toileting are met can all reduce the urge to wander. Some families find that a daily routine with physical activity and social connection significantly reduces restless behaviour.

If wandering is a concern for your family, talk with your healthcare provider about a safety plan. Many communities also offer identification programmes and safe return services specifically for people living with dementia.